ONCE UPON A TIME ON HER MAJESTY'S SECRET SERVICE IN THE WEST, or, Leone meets Bond head-on

(Note: This might just be the flimsiest premise for a blog post I've ever come up with, but damn it, it's been far too long since I've written anything, and I needed to get my feet wet again. In other news, let it be known that I'm officially switching from italicizing film titles to capitalizing them. I know; it's a stupendous, earth-shattering decision, and I agonized over it for weeks, or maybe just fifteen minutes.)

The weekend before last, I had the rare and welcome opportunity to attend a theatrical screening of Sergio Leone's 1968 masterpiece ONCE UPON A TIME IN THE WEST at The Hollywood Theatre in Portland. I'd actually been lucky enough to see it in a cinema once before, while on a trip to Munich, Germany, but it was over twenty years ago, and in the intervening two decades it's become one of my favorite films of all time. Having watched it repeatedly in its various home video incarnations, I've become quite familiar with it, and therefore my mind wandered a bit here and there during the screening (the guy sitting behind me who kept tapping his damn foot through the movie didn't help). When it came to the first scene with Italian actor Gabriele Ferzetti, who plays the scheming railroad tycoon Morton, my thoughts drifted to one of his other big English-language films which was released a year later: ON HER MAJESTY'S SECRET SERVICE, the sixth James Bond film. Over the course of the evening, it gradually occurred to me that, other than Ferzetti's mere presence, the two films share a few more things in common, and just for the hell of it, I thought I'd jot them down.

(One of the most obvious things they have in common is that both of them have lengthy titles that begin with the letter O, so from here on out, I'll refer to them as OUATITW and OHMSS respectively for the sake of brevity.)

Let's start with Gabriele Ferzetti's characters in the two films. Both are imperfect men who maintain a veneer of respectability while profiting handsomely from illegal activities. In OUATITW, Morton is a wealthy railroad baron who suffers from "tuberculosis of the bones," which renders him unable to walk without assistance. He travels his railroad in a luxurious rail car specially outfitted with overhead bars that he uses to pull himself upright. In his zeal to complete the construction of his westward-reaching rail line, Morton unwisely employs Frank (Henry Fonda), a ruthless hired gun whose job it is to "remove small obstacles from the tracks." The largest such obstacle is Brett McBain (Frank Wolff), whose property lies along the proposed line. Morton wants the property, and sends Frank to try and scare McBain into selling out, but Frank, psychopath that he is, murders McBain and his children in cold blood instead. ("People scare better when they're dead," Frank sanguinely observes.)

As venal as he is, Morton is not entirely unsympathetic. He seems genuinely upset by Frank's murderous actions, which he never sanctioned, and he's concerned that Frank also intends to kill McBain's widow and sole heir to the property, Jill (Claudia Cardinale). Morton tries to convince Frank that money, not murder, is the way to solve their problem. When that fails, he unsuccessfully attempts to have Frank killed. Events have been set in motion, though, and in the end, he pays dearly for choosing to do business with a cold-blooded killer. The character of Morton also evokes our sympathy due to his affliction, and from the humiliation he endures from Frank, who kicks Morton's crutches away and sends him crashing to the ground at one point. His death scene is rather ignominious as well, finding him as it does mortally wounded and crawling away from his train toward a dirty puddle.

Ferzetti's character in OHMSS starts out firmly on the wrong side of the law, but by the end of the film, he's done the right thing, even if it's for selfish reasons. He plays Draco, a notorious underworld figure who poses as a legitimate businessman. He also happens to be the father of Tracy (Diana Rigg), a troubled woman whom James Bond (George Lazenby) encounters on a seemingly deserted beach when he foils her attempt at suicide. After meeting a few more times, Bond and Tracy fall in love, and Draco, concerned for his daughter's happiness, urges Bond to marry her, even offering to throw in a huge chunk of change as a dowry. Bond, however, is more concerned with locating his nemesis Ernst Stavro Blofeld (Telly Savalas), and he convinces Draco to use his considerable criminal resources to locate Blofeld. In the ensuing events, Tracy is kidnapped by Blofeld, and when Bond's bosses forbid him from undertaking a rescue mission, he enlists the help of Draco and his henchmen for an all-out assault on Blofeld's alpine lair. Of course, Draco's primary motivation for helping Bond is to save the life of his daughter, whom he clearly adores, but by doing so, he also plays a part in stopping Blofeld's latest plot for world domination. Inadvertently or not, he ends up as something of a hero.

Another similarity between the two films has to do with the casting of two very important roles. The Bond film and Leone's epic each had several predecessors, and each series of films featured an increasingly popular and recognizable actor in a lead role: Sean Connery in the Bond series and Clint Eastwood in Leone's "Dollars" trilogy of westerns. (While OUATITW can't rightfully be considered part of a series, it was still the latest in a string of Italian westerns directed by Leone and therefore bears some relation to the earlier films.) Audiences undoubtedly expected to see each actor back at the forefront of these latest films, but they were nowhere to be found. Leone wanted Eastwood for the role of Harmonica in OUATITW, but Eastwood turned it down, and it ultimately went to Charles Bronson, who turned in one of his finest performances. Connery had already declared that 1967's YOU ONLY LIVE TWICE would be his last outing as James Bond (although he did return to the role twice more in the future), forcing the producers to recast the role, which they did by hiring the then-unknown Lazenby. In both cases, the absence of the previous films' stars undoubtedly hurt their performance at the box office.

Both films also featured highly lauded music scores by veterans of each series. Every prior Leone western had featured a score by the legendary Italian composer Ennio Morricone, and nearly every Bond film to date had been scored by Englishman John Barry. Both men returned to score OUATITW and OHMSS respectively, and they ended up turning in soundtracks that are widely considered to be the finest of each series, if not of their entire careers. While Morricone's idiosyncratic music added immeasurable value to Leone's "Dollars" trilogy, the maestro outdid himself with the magnificent, operatic score for OUATITW. Leone had him compose and record the music before filming had started to it could be played on set; in that sense, it's inextricably entwined with the action on screen. Each character has their own unique theme, and the music personifies each of them beautifully. Barry's score for OHMSS is equally brilliant. The film features one of the very few solely instrumental main title themes in the Bond series, and it's a wonderfully dark, propulsive tune with chugging electric bass, contemporary (for the time) synthesizer flourishes and swirling strings. The rest of the score features some great suspense music, as well as some genuinely romantic compositions to accompany Bond and Tracy's courtship, topped off by the gorgeous ballad, "We Have All the Time in the World," warmly sung by Louis Armstrong. Of course, the song's title reflects the cruel irony of the film's final scene.

Speaking of which, one last thing the two films have in common are whirlwind marriages that are shockingly cut short by an assassin's bullet. OUATITW begins with one such tragedy, which reaches its emotional zenith when Jill McBain arrives at her new husband's ranch to find him and his entire family laid out on the very tables that were intended for their wedding party. OHMSS ends with one, as James Bond's new bride is cut down while they're en route to their honeymoon. While the scene in OUATITW is operatic in scale, full of big emotions, the scene in OHMSS is quietly heartbreaking and barely gives you time to register what has happened before the credits roll. It's also a bleakly ironic counterpoint to the opening scene in which Tracy attempts suicide. Having found a reason to live, she's subsequently murdered. Both scenes are devastating.

I'm sure there are other similarities between ONCE UPON A TIME IN THE WEST and ON HER MAJESTY'S SECRET SERVICE, but I'll leave them to you to discover. Both films are worth seeing over and over again.

Robber, Pimp, Militant, Cop: Meet Albert Popwell.

(Note: As you may have noticed, it's been a long, long time since I posted anything here at Filmiliarity. I've been in school for the past several years, and my schoolwork has consumed the vast majority of my free time. I found it difficult to justify spending time writing blog entries when I had assignments due. Now that I'm finished, I do plan to post here much more frequently. While none of my blog posts are - in my estimation - particularly profound, this one is perhaps a bit more lightweight than usual. In fact, my inspiration for writing it came from a comment I left on another blog, Neil Fulwood's fascinating The Agitation of the Mind. Nevertheless, it was fun to write, and I wanted to get something out there to help me get back into the swing of things.)

It's fairly commonplace to have the same role played by different actors in an ongoing film series. For whatever reason, be it advancing age, diminishing returns or dissatisfaction with the character (or for that matter, their compensation), actors aren't always willing or able to return to the roles they originated, and audiences, for the most part, accept the newcomers with a shrug and move on. The most obvious example would be the character of James Bond, who has been portrayed by six different actors over the past fifty years (not counting the unofficial 1967 spoof Casino Royale).

What's not quite as common is the same actor playing different roles in a related series of films. It's often done with character actors playing minor roles, and in most cases, while audiences might experience a hint of déjà vu, they probably don't give it too much thought. David Warner was in two subsequent Star Trek films, as a human ambassador and a Klingon, respectively, but the second role buried the otherwise recognizable actor in heavy makeup, so it wasn't as apparent. It can be more problematic, though. As Neil Fulwood pointed out in his recent blog post on the James Bond film Diamonds Are Forever (part of his currently ongoing Bond-A-Thon), the role of Bond's nemesis Ernst Stavro Blofeld was portrayed in that film by Charles Gray, who had played a completely different character, known as Dikko Henderson, four years prior in the Bond film You Only Live Twice. To add to the confusion, Henderson had briefly been an ally of Bond before being murdered by a Ninja assassin. Granted, Gray's role in the earlier film lasted all of a few minutes, and his appearance was somewhat different, so it probably wasn't enough to make too much of an impression. Still, devoted Bond fans were probably saying to themselves in 1971, "Wasn't that the guy...?"

Perhaps the most mind-boggling instance of this phenomenon can be attributed to actor Albert Popwell, who appeared with Clint Eastwood in the first four Dirty Harry films, each time playing a different but highly memorable role, and on a few occasions, meeting a violent end. Attentive viewers were probably left wondering just who the hell this guy was. If you haven't seen the first four films, there are a few minor spoilers ahead.

"Hey, man - I gots to know."

Popwell's first appearance in the series, as the character known only as "Bank Robber" in Don Siegel's original Dirty Harry (1971), comes near the beginning of the film, lasts only a few minutes and gives him one brief line of dialogue, but its brevity is tempered by the fact that it has become an indelible part of pop culture. Following an abortive bank heist stopped cold by six shots (or was it only five?) from Harry Callahan's .44 magnum revolver, Popwell's character, the only apparent survivor, lies bloodied in a doorway as Harry unhurriedly strolls up him. As Popwell feebly reaches for his shotgun, Eastwood raises his gun and blithely delivers his now iconic speech, imploring the wounded criminal to inquire of himself, "Do I feel lucky?" The bank robber decides he's not feeling particularly fortunate that day, and voilà - movie history is made. To be sure, it's an auspicious beginning to a fruitful, if somewhat bewildering collaboration.

Don't hide money from this dude

The followup to Dirty Harry, 1973's Magnum Force, again featured  Popwell as a lawbreaker, albeit with a decidedly more sinister bent this time. Playing a (once again unnamed) pimp, he brutalizes a prostitute in the back of a taxicab, ungallantly grabbing the wadded up cash she's hidden in her underthings before grotesquely murdering her by pouring a can of drain cleaner down her throat!

His last bribe

This atrocious act precipitates his demise at the hands of a rogue officer who belongs to an organized police death squad. This band of crooked cops summarily executes anyone they feel deserves to die, and the villainous pimp quickly earns a spot on their shit list. Pulled over for "speeding," he's blown away under the Golden Gate Bridge, totally ruining the plush white interior of his Cadillac. Popwell's brief performance is again quite memorable, thanks to the nastiness of the character, but his role in this film is a peripheral one, and he has no direct interaction with Eastwood.

Mustapha and mustache

Loyal followers of the Dirty Harry series were probably starting to put two and two together, and they were undoubtedly surprised to see Popwell turn up yet again in the third film, The Enforcer (1976), as the revolutionary "Big Ed" Mustapha. Along with the added bonus of his character actually having a name this time around, Popwell was granted a considerably larger role; he has a long conversation with Eastwood that allows him to exercise his acting chops much more so than either of his previous performances. While still ostensibly on the wrong side of the law, the smooth Mustapha comes off as a reasonably likeable guy, and he provides Harry with information he needs to track down a group of murderous terrorists. This sympathetic turn foreshadows Popwell's final appearance in the series seven years later.

He shoots, he scores

1983's Sudden Impact, the first and only film in the series to be directed by Eastwood, would mark Popwell's last appearance in a Dirty Harry film, and his role brings him a full 180 degrees from the first film, as he plays Horace King, a cop and a close friend of Harry's. Cleverly introduced in a scene that makes it look like he's sneaking up on Harry with bad intentions, it's revealed that they're actually participating in a bit of rural target practice together, though Horace's shotgun proves to be no match for Harry's new .44 magnum AutoMag. Throughout their conversation, Horace continually refers to Harry as a "JAMF," leading to this amusing exchange:

                                     Harry: "What's the hell's a JAMF?"

                                     Horace: "That means you're a jive-ass mother..."

                                     Harry (interrupting): "Forget I asked."

The end of the line for Horace

Unfortunately, later in the film, Horace stumbles into an ambush meant for Harry and pays for his mistake with a slit throat. To make matters worse, the bad guys injure Harry's dog, Meathead, who had been a gift from Horace. As you can imagine, he's not pleased.


Sadly, Popwell was unable to appear in the final Dirty Harry film, 1990's The Dead Pool, due to prior commitments. It would have been fitting if this veteran actor had appeared in all five films. As it stands, his four appearances demonstrate that, in Dirty Harry movies, you only die twice.